OBJECTIVE FORESTRY

Detailed explanation-1: -Peds are made up of mineral particles (clay, silt, sand) and organic matter. Peds are held together by the electrical charges on the surfaces of the minerals and organic matter. Although clay particles are small, they have large surface areas.

Detailed explanation-2: -The grade of structure is the degree of aggregation, expressing the differential between cohesion within aggregates and adhesion between aggregates. In other words, it indicates the degree of distinctness of the individual peds.

Detailed explanation-3: -blocky: The units are block-like or polyhedral. They are bounded by flat or slightly rounded surfaces that are casts of the faces of surrounding peds. Blocky structural units are nearly equidimensional but grade to prisms and to plates.

Detailed explanation-4: -4 Platy structure is made up of soil particles aggregated in thin plates or sheets piled horizontally on one another. Plates often overlap, greatly impairing water circulation. It is commonly found in forest soils, in part of the A-horizon, and in claypan* soils.