PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat. This example is operant conditioning because standing on a chair and jumping through a hoop are voluntary behaviors. The food treat is positive reinforcement because it is given and it PROBABLY increases the behavior.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: The conditioning depicted is operant conditioning. The lion is given a reward which is a positive reinforcement for performing the trick of standing on a chair and jumping through the hoop. The treat is the positive reinforcer.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example, when lab rats press a lever when a green light is on, they receive a food pellet as a reward. When they press the lever when a red light is on, they receive a mild electric shock. As a result, they learn to press the lever when the green light is on and avoid the red light.

Detailed explanation-4: -In operant conditioning, the animal repeats behaviors that have desired consequences and avoids behaviors that lead to undesirable consequences. For instance, bears, raccoons, dogs, and rats raid garbage cans because they have learned through trial and error that doing so leads to finding food.

Detailed explanation-5: -For example, whenever you come home wearing a baseball cap, you take your child to the park to play. So, whenever your child sees you come home with a baseball cap, he is excited because he has associated your baseball cap with a trip to the park. This learning by association is classical conditioning.