PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: When chronic drug or alcohol users adjust to higher levels of the addictive substance in their bodies, it is called neuroadaptation. Neuroadaptation is a sign of increased tolerance to the drug.

Detailed explanation-2: -Neuroadaptation refers largely to the processes by which initial drug effects are either enhanced (i.e., sensitization) or attenuated (i.e., counteradaptation) by repeated AOD exposure. Drug-related responses (i.e., reinforcement) are modulated by the neuroadaptive changes that occur with AOD exposure.

Detailed explanation-3: -Dopamine (DA) is the neurotransmitter that has been classically associated with the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and may have a key role in triggering the neurobiological changes associated with addiction.

Detailed explanation-4: -tolerance is a physical effect of repeated use of a drug. Tolerance does not always equal addiction. Withdrawal: Symptoms a person experiences when not using a substance, due to the body reacting to no longer having the substance.