PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -The dogs salivating for food is the unconditioned response in Pavlov’s experiment. A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The bell became a conditioned (learned) stimulus (CS) and it produced the response of salivating or the conditioned response (CR)-the unconditioned and conditioned response in the same. The number of trials that it would take for the association to be made is called the acquisition time.

Detailed explanation-3: -When Ivan Pavlov trained a dog to salivate and expect food whenever it heard a bell, he demonstrated the existence of classical conditioning. This process uses an initially neutral stimulus (a bell ringing) paired with an innate or biological stimulus (food) to elicit an innate response (salivation).

Detailed explanation-4: -The ringing of a bell was immediately followed by an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)-food-that can produce a dog’s salivation. The response that the dog gave after getting food (unconditional stimulus) in the form of salivation was termed as an unconditioned response (UCR) because it did not depend on previous learning.

Detailed explanation-5: -In this case, the chemotherapy drugs are the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), vomiting is the unconditioned response (UCR), the doctor’s office is the conditioned stimulus (CS) after being paired with the UCS, and nausea is the conditioned response (CR).