THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS
CONSCIOUSNESS
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Negative Reinforcement
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Primary Reinforcer
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Secondary Reinforcer
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None of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -While a primary reinforcer is innate, a secondary reinforcer is a stimulus reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, treats, or money. Responding to the secondary reinforcer is a learned behavior, not a born reflex.
Detailed explanation-2: -Some examples of secondary reinforcers include: verbal praise, highly preferred activities, stickers, toys, and edibles. An example of pairing is saying to a toddler, “You did it!” and then the toddler gets a chance to play with a toy.
Detailed explanation-3: -Food, drink, and pleasure are the principal examples of primary reinforcers. But, most human reinforcers are secondary, or conditioned. Examples include money, grades in schools, and tokens. Secondary reinforcers acquire their power via a history of association with primary reinforcers or other secondary reinforcers.
Detailed explanation-4: -There are four types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and punishment.