THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS
SOCIAL THEORY
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
Researchers asked participants to read descriptions about two made-up groups (Group A) and (Group B).Descriptions were based on a number of positive and negative behaviours. Group A (majority group)-twice as many members than B; performed 18 positive and 8 negative behaviours. Group B (minority)-performed 9 positive and 4 negative behaviours. Were then asked to attribute behaviours to group.
|
|
|
Matched on levels of aggression. Allocated to 1 of 2 groups and control group. 1)model rewarded with sweets 2)model punished-scolded and hit with newspaper30 control-no consequences Children then taken to a room where they watched 5 minute clip of model behaving aggressively to bobo doll, model punished/rewarded. Child taken to another room and observed.
|
|
|
Participants were 64 schoolboys, aged 14-15, from a state school in the UK. Went to a psychology laboratory in groups of 8. All knew each other well before the experiment. Shown clusters of varying numbers of dots, flashed onto a screen, and had to estimate the number of dots in each cluster. Assigned to groups at random categorized as “over-estimator", “under-estimator", etc. Had to allocate small amounts of money to the other boys in the experiment.
|
|
|
Gave a 30 minute verbal test to African American and European-American participants. Tested two groups of the participants and told one group that it was an articulation test while the other group was told it was a laboratory task.
|
Detailed explanation-1: -The students were given a booklet of matrices and told that the task would consist of giving to others rewards and penalties in real money. The boys would not know the identity of the individuals to whom they would be assigning these rewards and penalties since everyone would be given a code number.
Detailed explanation-2: -Two experiments: 1) The boys were placed into groups based on their estimates of the number of dots in a test. 2) The boys were grouped based on their preference of artists. In both experiments, they were asked to distribute virtual money to the other members of both groups while not knowing who is in the groups.
Detailed explanation-3: -The aim of Tajfel’s research was to investigate if intergroup discrimination would take place based on being put into different groups with consequent categorisation into in-‐groups and out-‐groups in a situation where people had just met.
Detailed explanation-4: -TAJFEL & TURNER (1979) SOCIAL IDENTITY EXPLAINS PREJUDICE Social Identity Theory (SIT) says we get our self-esteem from the groups we belong to. It opposes “Realist” theories because it suggests that group membership by itself is sufficient to create prejudice, without any need for competition over resources.