PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Explanation: (B) The siblings have different circadian rhythms, approximately 24-hour cycles in biological and behavioral processes including those that regulate alertness, body temperature, and heart rate.

Detailed explanation-2: -(B) An evolutionary psychologist or sociobiologist would assert that a key motivation for people is the desire to spread their genetic material. Cognitive psychologists believe that thoughts are at the core of motivation.

Detailed explanation-3: -(C) A low level of glucose in Sam’s bloodstream is most likely to make him want to eat a meal. Low blood sugar levels are an important cue that one is hungry.

Detailed explanation-4: -Explanation: (C) Humanistic personality theory is criticized for having an unrealistically optimistic view of human nature. Humanistic psychologists generally believe that all people are innately good and motivated to fulfill their own unique potential, ideas that some critique as overly optimistic.

Detailed explanation-5: -(E) A trait theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI. The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is a self-report instrument. Trait theorists use such inventories to help describe personality.