THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS
STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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classical conditioning
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modeling
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shaping
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negative reinforcement
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Detailed explanation-1: -Nicolas has autism and he used to be mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas received a piece of chocolate only for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences.
Detailed explanation-2: -Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process where behaviors are modified through the association of stimuli with reinforcement or punishment.
Detailed explanation-3: -The following are some examples of positive reinforcement: A mother gives her son praise (reinforcing stimulus) for doing homework (behavior). The little boy receives $5.00 (reinforcing stimulus) for every A he earns on his report card (behavior).
Detailed explanation-4: -Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a stimulus (called a positive reinforcer) immediately following a response. A positive reinforcer is defined as any stimulus whose presentation immediately following a response increases the probability (i.e., the frequency or rate of occurrence) of that response. (