PSYCHOLOGY OF EMOTIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Neuroadaptation refers largely to the processes by which initial drug effects are either enhanced (i.e., sensitization) or attenuated (i.e., counteradaptation) by repeated AOD exposure. Drug-related responses (i.e., reinforcement) are modulated by the neuroadaptive changes that occur with AOD exposure.

Detailed explanation-2: -This framework is supported by multiple neuroadaptations in three corresponding domains: (1) increased incentive salience, (2) decreased brain reward and increased stress, and (3) compromised executive function; and in three major neurocircuits: basal ganglia, extended amygdala, and prefrontal cortex (Fig.

Detailed explanation-3: -The three most common defense mechanisms used by those suffering from substance use disorders are denial, rationalization, and projection.