SOLAR SYSTEM

Detailed explanation-1: -What is the reason for carrying multiple transponders in a satellite? Explanation: To be economically feasible, a satellite must be capable of handling several channels. As a result, most satellites contain multiple transponders, each operating at a different frequency.

Detailed explanation-2: -What is the number of transponders if the satellite uses 12 channels of frequency and frequency reuse is implemented? Explanation: Since in frequency reuse each channel can be used twice the numbers of transponders are also doubled. 12 x 2 = 24 transponders, two for each frequency.

Detailed explanation-3: -A communications satellite’s transponder is the series of interconnected units that form a communications channel between the receiving and the transmitting antennas. The transponder receives a signal from the earth, then it removes noise and amplifies the same signal.

Detailed explanation-4: -The term “satellite transponder” refers collectively to a transmitter-receiver subsystem on board the satellite that processes, amplifies and retransmits a range of frequencies (the transponder bandwidth) to another location/terminal/antenna on the earth.

Detailed explanation-5: -Polarization diversity is being used to increase the channel capacity. Space division multiple access techniques in the form of MIMO are being used to increase channel capacity and improve BER for a given satellite system.