SOLAR SYSTEM

Detailed explanation-1: -Venus’s thick atmosphere-100 times the mass of Earth’s-and high temperatures of 450 ºC make it difficult for rovers and other probes to explore the surface. So far, the most reliable data scientists have collected have come from the Magellan spacecraft.

Detailed explanation-2: -Exploring the surface of Venus is difficult because of the intense heat and crushing air pressure. The longest any spacecraft has survived on the surface is a little over two hours – a record set by the Soviet Union’s Venera 13 probe in 1981. NASA’s DAVINCI mission is next up with a planned probe landing in 2031.

Detailed explanation-3: -Venus’ thick atmosphere traps heat creating a runaway greenhouse effect – making it the hottest planet in our solar system with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead. The greenhouse effect makes Venus roughly 700°F (390°C) hotter than it would be without a greenhouse effect.

Detailed explanation-4: -It appears that the surface temperature ranges from about 820 degrees to nearly 900 degrees F. The average surface temperature is 847 degrees F., hot enough to melt lead.

Detailed explanation-5: -Its cloud layers are packed with sulfuric acid-enough to chew through skin, bone and metal in moments. If you stood on the surface, you would escape the corrosive acid rain, but only because rain down there is impossible: the ground bakes at more than 900 degrees Fahrenheit, hot enough to broil any astronaut or robot.

Detailed explanation-6: -This is due to the high albedo on Venus (0.8): 80% of solar radiation is reflected to space and only 20% is absorbed by the surface (see Figure 3-1 in textbook for a comparison of albedoes of the three planets).