SOLAR SYSTEM

Detailed explanation-1: -Johannes Kepler’s laws improved the model of Copernicus. According to Copernicus: The planetary orbit is a circle with epicycles. The Sun is approximately at the center of the orbit.

Detailed explanation-2: -German mathematician and astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) also helped to refine the heliocentric model with his introduction of elliptical orbits. Prior to this, the heliocentric model still made use of circular orbits, which did not explain why planets orbited the sun at different speeds at different times.

Detailed explanation-3: -Between 1617 and 1621, Kepler developed a heliocentric model of the Solar System in Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae, in which all the planets have elliptical orbits. This provided significantly increased accuracy in predicting the position of the planets.

Detailed explanation-4: -In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus detailed his radical theory of the Universe in which the Earth, along with the other planets, rotated around the Sun.

Detailed explanation-5: -This discovery (which became Kepler’s second law of orbital motion) led to the realization of what became Kepler’s first law: that the planets move in an ellipse (a squashed circle) with the Sun at one focus point, offset from the center.