THORAX ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Detailed explanation-1: -Introduction. Aortic stenosis (AS) occurs when the orifice of the aortic valve is significantly reduced due to the failure of the aortic valve leaflets to open fully during systole. This causes an effective increase in afterload, left ventricular hypertrophy and, eventually, symptoms of congestive heart failure.

Detailed explanation-2: -Aortic insufficiency (Aortic Regurgitation) increases afterload, because a percentage of the blood that ejects forward regurgitates back through the diseased aortic valve. This leads to elevated systolic blood pressure. The diastolic blood pressure in the aorta falls, due to regurgitation.

Detailed explanation-3: -[3] Patients with aortic stenosis often have ventricular tachycardia during syncopal episodes. [4] It is critical to remember that patients with aortic stenosis are preload dependent and require aggressive fluid support to maintain their cardiac output.