THORAX ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Detailed explanation-1: -The hypoglossal nerve is mainly a somatic efferent (motor) nerve to innervate the tongue musculature.

Detailed explanation-2: -The hypoglossal nerve enervates the muscles of the tongue.

Detailed explanation-3: -The hypoglossal nerve leaves the brainstem through the anterolateral sulcus of the medulla oblongata. Its dozen roots pass across the posterior cranial fossa laterally before merging into the unique trunk of the nerve in the hypoglossal canal.

Detailed explanation-4: -The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) provides motor innervation to all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X).