THORAX ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Detailed explanation-1: -Cullen’s sign is described as superficial oedema with bruising in the subcutaneous fatty tissue around the peri-umbilical region. This is also known as peri-umbilical ecchymosis. It is most often recognised as a result of haemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cullen sign is a hemorrhagic discoloration of the umbilical area due to intraperitoneal hemorrhage from any cause; one of the more frequent causes is acute hemorrhagic panniculitis. Grey Turner sign is a discoloration of the left flank associated with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cullen’s sign is present when there is ecchymosis around the umbilicus. These signs can signify pancreatic necrosis leading to blood in the abdomen. [7] A patient with severe pancreatitis may also present with mental status changes. Chronic pancreatitis can present with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fox’s sign is a clinical sign in which bruising is seen over the inguinal ligament. It occurs in patients with retroperitoneal bleeding, usually due to acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis.