THORAX ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Detailed explanation-1: -Two causes of low oncotic pressure are cirrhosis, where the liver makes fewer proteins and nephrotic syndrome, where proteins are lost through the urine. An exudative pleural effusions is due to inflammation of the pulmonary capillaries which makes them much more leaky.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transudates result from an imbalance in oncotic and hydrostatic pressures. Transudative effusions are usually ultrafiltrates of plasma squeezed out of the pleura as a result of an imbalance in hydrostatic and oncotic forces in the chest.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transudative pleural effusion is caused by fluid leaking into the pleural space. This is from increased pressure in the blood vessels or a low blood protein count. Heart failure is the most common cause.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hypoalbuminemia is characteristic of many other disorders that are associated with pleural effusion, such as hepatic cirrhosis and nephrotic syndromes. However, these conditions often have additional factors, such as an expanded plasma volume or ascites, that lead to pleural fluid formation.