THORAX ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Detailed explanation-1: -The common causes of transudative pleural effusion are fluid overload, heart failure and nephrotic syndrome, while the causes for exudative pleural effusion are pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), pulmonary embolisms or diseases causing pleuro-renal syndromes, like systemic lupus erythematosus.

Detailed explanation-2: -Transudates are usually caused by increased systemic or pulmonary capillary pressure and decreased osmotic pressure, resulting in increased filtration and decreased absorption of pleural fluid. Major causes are cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and protein-losing enteropathy.

Detailed explanation-3: -Key Points. Transudative effusions are caused by some combination of increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure. Exudative effusions result from increased capillary permeability, leading to leakage of protein, cells, and other serum constituents.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most common causes of transudative effusions are heart failure, cirrhosis with ascites, and hypoalbuminemia (usually due to the nephrotic syndrome). The most common causes of exudative effusions are pneumonia, cancer, pulmonary embolism, and tuberculosis.