THORAX ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Detailed explanation-1: -What is rumination? Rumination or cud-chewing is the process by which the cow regurgitates previously consumed feed and chews it further.

Detailed explanation-2: -In the reticulum, the food also mixes with saliva to produce small wads of food called cud. Cows regurgitate these bits of cud back into their mouths, where they then chew them completely. Chewing cud releases saliva which acts as an antacid in the rumen, allowing cows to digest their food better.

Detailed explanation-3: -The vomitus of ruminants contains rumen fluid and small feed particles. While regurgitation is a normal phenomenon in ruminants, abnormal regurgitation is usually the result of an oesophageal disorder, often affecting the intrathoracic part.

Detailed explanation-4: -In ruminants with a four-chambered stomach, ingested plant material is stored in the first chamber, called the rumen, where it softens. They later regurgitate this material, called cud, and chew it again to further break down its cellulose content, which is difficult to digest.