WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -Firstly, iron ore is reduced to pig iron in a blast furnace, then excessive carbon is removed by the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or electric arc furnace (EAF), and impurities are further eliminated via a secondary refining route, through which the required purity level is achieved.

Detailed explanation-2: -Smelting is a process by which a metal is extracted, either as the element or as a simple compound, from its ore by heating beyond the melting point, ordinarily in the presence of oxidizing agents, such as air, or reducing agents, such as coke.

Detailed explanation-3: -Smelting is a process of applying heat to an ore, to extract a base metal. It is a form of extractive metallurgy. It is used to extract many metals from their ores, including silver, iron, copper, and other base metals.

Detailed explanation-4: -Smelting method used in the extraction of iron Smelting is the process in which ore is mixed with purifying or heat generating substance like limestone and coke, they are heated at high temperature in an enclosed furnace. The charge consists of roasted ore, coke and limestone in the approximate ratio of 12:5:3.