WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -The two Mesopotamian inventions considered most important are writing and the wheel. Although some scholars contend that the wheel originated in Central Asia (because the oldest wheel in the world was found there), it is generally accepted that the concept originated in Sumer because of the production of ceramics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ancient Mesopotamia is considered the birthplace of writing and with it, recorded history. Its people also built the world’s first cities and developed the oldest known political and administrative systems, mostly centered in what is now Iraq.

Detailed explanation-3: -With cuneiform, writers could tell stories, relate histories, and support the rule of kings. Cuneiform was used to record literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh-the oldest epic still known. Furthermore, cuneiform was used to communicate and formalize legal systems, most famously Hammurabi’s Code.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mesopotamians developed many different technologies which were firsts for their period of time. For example, Mesopotamians were the first to use the wheel, the plow, the chariot, the weaving loom, irrigation systems, and written language.

Detailed explanation-5: -Full writing-systems appear to have been invented independently at least four times in human history: first in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) where cuneiform was used between 3400 and 3300 BC, and shortly afterwards in Egypt at around 3200 BC.