WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -A state secretary kept the official records. Scribes kept extensive government and military records. From the reign of Darius, general land registries recorded by notaries kept track of private land ownership. Sales tax was due on the transfer of real estate.

Detailed explanation-2: -shāh, Old Persian Khshayathiya, title of the kings of Iran, or Persia. When compounded as shāhanshāh, it denotes “king of kings, ‘’ or emperor, a title adopted by the 20th-century Pahlavi dynasty in evocation of the ancient Persian “king of kings, ‘’ Cyrus II the Great (reigned 559–c. 529 bc).

Detailed explanation-3: -Ancient Iran, historically known as Persia, was the dominant nation of western Asia for over twelve centuries, with three successive native dynasties-the Achaemenid, the Parthian, and the Sasanian-controlling an empire of unprecedented size and complexity.

Detailed explanation-4: -The satraps were the chief governors of provinces. They served the emperor of Persia, administering his empire on his behalf.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cyrus is remembered in history because of his political philosophy of tolerance and respect toward non-Persians and his demonstration of mercy on his defeated foe. After establishing his empire, Cyrus allowed all subjects to participate in governance.