WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -The term stoicism thus comes from the Greek word stoa. The Stoics claimed that people who were guided by their emotions lived unhappy lives. They believed that happiness resulted from using reason. Sound thinking, they thought, should guide decisions.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stoicism holds that the key to a good, happy life is the cultivation of an excellent mental state, which the Stoics identified with virtue and being rational. The ideal life is one that is in harmony with Nature, of which we are all part, and an attitude of calm indifference towards external events.

Detailed explanation-3: -Aristotle believed that we need to use our reasoning to be happy, which will help us live a virtuous life. Plato and Aristotle believed in having a system of values and sticking to them to achieve happiness.

Detailed explanation-4: -The foundation of Stoic ethics is that good lies in the state of the soul itself; in wisdom and self-control. One must therefore strive to be free of the passions. For the Stoics, reason meant using logic and understanding the processes of nature-the logos or universal reason, inherent in all things.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Stoics believed that our wealth, status, power, possession and stature are neither good or bad, and they have no social importance with respect to our relationships with one another. We are equals. They held that external differences, such as rank and wealth, are of no importance in social relationships.