WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -Once among the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world and a centre of Hellenic scholarship and science, Alexandria was the capital of Egypt from its founding by Alexander the Great in 332 bce until its surrender to the Arab forces led by ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ in 642 ce.

Detailed explanation-2: -Under Ptolemaic rule, Alexandria would thrive as the cultural and economic center of the ancient world. Its renowned Library turned Alexandria into a center of culture and learning, attracting scholars, philosophers, scientists, and artists.

Detailed explanation-3: -Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural centre of the ancient Mediterranean for much of the Hellenistic age and late antiquity. It was at one time the largest city in the ancient world before being eventually overtaken by Rome.

Detailed explanation-4: -Greek influence in Egypt was reinforced by the settlement of Greek veterans throughout Egypt, where they became a privileged aristocracy that gradually assimilated with the Egyptians. Alexander also founded a new Greek capital, Alexandria, located on the Mediterranean at the mouth of the Nile.

Detailed explanation-5: -Alexander the Great founded the city in 332 bce after the start of his Persian campaign; it was to be the capital of his new Egyptian dominion and a naval base that would control the Mediterranean.