WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -Backed up by archers and light-armed troops, the hoplite phalanx remained the most important fighting unit for centuries. They advanced in close formation while protected by their overlapping shields.

Detailed explanation-2: -The phalanx therefore presented a shield wall and a mass of spear points to the enemy, making frontal assaults against it very difficult. It also allowed a higher proportion of the soldiers to be actively engaged in combat at a given time (rather than just those in the front rank).

Detailed explanation-3: -During the 7th century bc the Greek city-states adopted a phalanx eight men deep. The Greek hoplite, the heavy-armed infantryman who manned the phalanx, was equipped with a round shield, a heavy corselet of leather and metal, greaves (shin armour), an 8-foot pike for thrusting, and a 2-foot double-edged sword.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Greek phalanx was a highly effective military formation that allowed Greek armies to achieve great victories in battle. Its success relied on the discipline, training, and strength of the soldiers, as well as the tactics used within the formation.