WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -Stoicism holds that the key to a good, happy life is the cultivation of an excellent mental state, which the Stoics identified with virtue and being rational. The ideal life is one that is in harmony with Nature, of which we are all part, and an attitude of calm indifference towards external events.

Detailed explanation-2: -Aristotle believed that we need to use our reasoning to be happy, which will help us live a virtuous life. Plato and Aristotle believed in having a system of values and sticking to them to achieve happiness.

Detailed explanation-3: -The foundation of Stoic ethics is that good lies in the state of the soul itself; in wisdom and self-control. One must therefore strive to be free of the passions. For the Stoics, reason meant using logic and understanding the processes of nature-the logos or universal reason, inherent in all things.

Detailed explanation-4: -Stoicism can be epitomized by three essential beliefs: (1) that virtue is sufficient for happiness, (2) that other so-called goods should be regarded with indifference, and (3) that the world is providentially ordered by God.