WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -Once among the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world and a centre of Hellenic scholarship and science, Alexandria was the capital of Egypt from its founding by Alexander the Great in 332 bce until its surrender to the Arab forces led by ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ in 642 ce.

Detailed explanation-2: -Founded in c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt’s capital.

Detailed explanation-3: -Alexander the Great founded the city in 332 bce after the start of his Persian campaign; it was to be the capital of his new Egyptian dominion and a naval base that would control the Mediterranean.

Detailed explanation-4: -Alexandria Troas, in the ancient Troad, Asia Minor, near modern Dalyan, Turkey. Alexandria ad Latmum, in ancient Caria, probably near modern Karpuzlu, Turkey. Alexandria ad Issum, in ancient Syria, near modern İskenderun, Turkey. Iskandariya (Alexandria), in ancient Mesopotamia, modern Iraq.

Detailed explanation-5: -Only a century after its foundation, Alexandria became the largest city in the world and, centuries later, was second only to Rome. It became the major Greek city of Egypt, with an extraordinary combination of Greeks from several cities and backgrounds.