CIVILIZATION
GREEK
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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People should use logic or reasonable thinking to discover new facts.
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People should question old beliefs and knowledge to discover the truth.
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Only aristocratic people would be allowed to be citizens.
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People should study history in order to determine a path for the future.
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Detailed explanation-1: -As the father of western logic, Aristotle was the first to develop a formal system for reasoning. He observed that the deductive validity of any argument can be determined by its structure rather than its content, for example, in the syllogism: All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.
Detailed explanation-2: -For Aristotle, then, logic is the instrument (the “organon") by means of which we come to know anything. He proposed as formal rules for correct reasoning the basic principles of the categorical logic that was universally accepted by Western philosophers until the nineteenth century.
Detailed explanation-3: -Thought, like sensation, is a matter of making judgments; but sensation concerns particulars, while intellectual knowledge is of universals. Reasoning may be practical or theoretical, and, accordingly, Aristotle distinguishes between a deliberative and a speculative faculty.
Detailed explanation-4: -Since the mid-20th century, Aristotle’s ethics has inspired the field of virtue theory, an approach to ethics that emphasizes human well-being and the development of character.