WORLD CIVILIZATION

Detailed explanation-1: -By the end of Shapur I’s reign, the Sasanian empire stretched from the River Euphrates to the River Indus and included modern-day Armenia and Georgia. After a short period during which much territory was lost, Sasanian fortunes were restored during the long reign of Shapur II (r. 310–379).

Detailed explanation-2: -Pepper, a very important spice grown in South India was known as black gold in the Roman Empire.

Detailed explanation-3: -Perhaps the most characteristic and striking relics of Sasanian art are rock sculptures carved on abrupt limestone cliffs-for example, at Shāhpūr (Bishapur), Naqsh-e Rostam, and Naqsh-e Rajab. Metalwork and gem engraving became highly sophisticated.