WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Queen Victoria was the queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 until her death in 1901. During her reign Britain expanded its imperial reach and experienced great cultural expansion, advances in science, industry, and technology, and the development of railways.

Detailed explanation-2: -In most of the imperial powers (Britain, France, Germany, and Italy), elites with different backgrounds were convinced that only expanding countries with colonies or informal spheres of influence would be able to survive in the future.

Detailed explanation-3: -Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism. Ratzel believed expansion was necessary for a state’s survival while Mackinder supported Britain’s imperial expansion; these two arguments dominated the discipline for decades.

Detailed explanation-4: -Robert Clive led soldiers for the British East India Company during the Battle of Plassey. Clive was an official of the company and was a central figure in relation to the militaristic growth and power of the company in mainland India in the mid-1700s.