WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Soon the African National Congress (ANC), founded in 1912, became the major force opposing the apartheid system’s oppression of the 80% non-European population of the country.

Detailed explanation-2: -When the National Party government came to power in 1948, the ANC’s central purpose became to oppose the new government’s policy of institutionalised apartheid.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Alliance included the ANC, the South African Indian Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats (an organization of whites opposed to apartheid), the Coloured People’s Organization and the South African Council of Trade Unions.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nelson Mandela was the face of the protests in South Africa while the other three options in the question indicate the presidents of South Africa after the freedom movement. All are elected members of the African National Congress.