WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -After the glorious revolution, England became a constitutional monarchy when William and Mary recognized parliament as their partner in governing. In a constitutional monarchy, laws limit the ruler’s powers in a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy. Thus, option (b) is correct.

Detailed explanation-2: -How does a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy? In an absolute monarchy, the monarch holds the supreme or absolute powers, whereas in the constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a hereditary or elected monarch. What did Cromwell’s rule have in common with an absolute monarchy?

Detailed explanation-3: -In Britain, the Glorious Revolution of 1688 led to a constitutional monarchy restricted by laws such as the Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701, although limits on the power of the monarch (’A Limited Monarchy’) are much older than that, as seen in our Magna Carta.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the absolute monarchy, the king or queen rules with absolute and total power whereas in a constitutional monarchy the king or queen has limited powers since they rule along with a parliament or a governing body. In other words, the king or queen of an absolute monarchy is a dictator.

Detailed explanation-5: -What is a constitutional monarchy? A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution. The above details would help candidates prepare for UPSC 2023.