WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -9. The natural and customary meaning of “public emergency threatening the life of the nation” is clear and refers to “an exceptional situation of crisis or emergency which affects the whole population and constitutes a threat to the organised life of the community of which the State is composed” (Lawless v.

Detailed explanation-2: -Freedom of speech, of the press, of association, of assembly and petition–this set of guarantees, protected by the First Amendment, comprises what we refer to as freedom of expression.

Detailed explanation-3: -The heart of the Article 19 says: “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers."

Detailed explanation-4: -Freedom of speech includes the right: Of students to wear black armbands to school to protest a war (“Students do not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.”). Tinker v. Des Moines, 393 U.S. 503 (1969). To use certain offensive words and phrases to convey political messages.