WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium.

Detailed explanation-2: -But when the Congress of Vienna restored the king and tried to keep their power so the Spanish king took steps to tighten control of colonies in the Americas. The Mexicans threw off Spain’s control and other Spanish colonies in Latin America claimed independence. Brazil separated from Europe, too.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Congress of Vienna and subsequent Congresses constituted a major turning point – the first genuine attempt to forge an ‘international order’, to bring long-term peace to a troubled Europe, and to control the pace of political change through international supervision and intervention.

Detailed explanation-4: -Tsar Alexander I had three main goals at the Congress of Vienna: gain control of Poland, form an alliance that could stop revolutions against monarchies and traditions, and peaceful coexistence of the powers of Europe. Metternich took the stance as a traditionalist.