WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Coup of 18–19 Brumaire, (November 9–10, 1799), coup d’état that overthrew the system of government under the Directory in France and substituted the Consulate, making way for the despotism of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Directory was a fatal experiment in weak executive powers; it was created in reaction to the puritanical dictatorship that had existed under the Reign of Terror of 1793–94, and it would end up yielding to the more disciplined dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte. The Directory suffered from widespread corruption.

Detailed explanation-3: -Napoleon returned to France in November of 1799 to find that the Directory had lost the support of many in the country. Along with others, Napoleon carried out a coup d’état against the Directory and replaced the government with the French Consulate, with himself as the First Consul.

Detailed explanation-4: -Napoleon drew together an alliance with a number of prominent political figures and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d’état on November 9, 1799 (Coup of 18th Brumaire). His power was confirmed by the new Constitution of 1799, which preserved the appearance of a republic but in reality established a dictatorship.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Directory was eventually overthrown in a November 1799 coup d’etat led by Napoleon Bonaparte. This was orchestrated by Emmanuel Sieyes after Bonaparte’s triumphant return from military campaigns in Egypt.