WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hence, the manufacturing sector expands and the agricultural sector contracts. This initiates migration and thus a rise in unemployment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Employment and educational opportunities are cited as the most common pull factors associated with rural-to-urban migration. Poverty, food insecurity, and lack of opportunities in rural areas are a consequence of uneven economic development and push people to urban areas where development has been greater.

Detailed explanation-3: -Migration increased the slum areas in cities which increase many problems such as unhygienic conditions, crime, pollution etc. Sometimes migrants are exploited. Migration is one of the main causes of increasing nuclear family where children grow up without a wider family circle.

Detailed explanation-4: -The “rural push” factors such as decline in income from agriculture, lack of alternative job, declining local economy, and denied access to basic facilities, further encourage people to move to cities. This often crystallizes into violence and conflicts and often protests against government.

Detailed explanation-5: -Industrialisation creates job opportunities. People migrate to industrial hubs to get these jobs. When more people start living in an area, there arises need to develop better facilities. Together, this process leads to urbanisation.