WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Bessemer process allowed steel to be produced without fuel, using the impurities of the iron to create the necessary heat. This drastically reduced the costs of steel production, but raw materials with the required characteristics could be difficult to find.

Detailed explanation-2: -The second Industrial Revolution occurred roughly from 1870-1914. Before the revolution, steel was an expensive material. Then the Bessemer converter was invented, which allowed for steel to be mass produced at a lower cost. By 1870, Bessemer steel was used for building ships and railways.

Detailed explanation-3: -Patented in 1855, the Bessemer process decreased the cost of steel from £50–60/t ($80–95/t) to £6–7/t ($9–11/t), hand-in-hand with vast increases in scale and speed of steel production. Steel girders for bridges, buildings, railroads, skyscrapers – all were unimaginable before Bessemer.

Detailed explanation-4: -The bessemer process reduces molten pig iron in so-called bessemer converters-egg-shaped, silica, clay, or dolomite-lined containers with capacities of 5 to 30 tons of molten iron. An opening at the narrow upper portion of the bessemer converter allows iron to be introduced and the finished product to be poured out.

Detailed explanation-5: -noun. Bes·se·mer process ˈbe-sə-mər-: a process of making steel from pig iron by burning out carbon and other impurities by means of a blast of air forced through the molten metal.