WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Heavier train and fast speed requires higher requirements to withstand stresses, so they are produced from high carbon steel (carbon-0.6 % to 0.8 %, manganese 0.8%-1.3 %, silicon 0.1 %-0.5 %, sulphur and phosphorus0. 03 % maximum each, and aluminum 0.015 % maximum).

Detailed explanation-2: -Railways have helped in the industrialization process of a country by easy transportation of coal and raw-materials at a cheaper rate. As railways require huge capital outlay, they may give rise to monopolies and work against public interest at large.

Detailed explanation-3: -Railways are a climate-smart and efficient way to move people and freight. Railways promote economic growth while cutting greenhouse gas emissions. They are a clean and compact way to move millions of passengers and millions of tons of goods across countries and continents.