WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Perestroika (/ˌpɛrəˈstrɔɪkə/; Russian: ) was a political movement for reform within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning “openness") policy reform.

Detailed explanation-2: -From modest beginnings at the Twenty-Seventh Party Congress in 1986, perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev’s program of economic, political, and social restructuring, became the unintended catalyst for dismantling what had taken nearly three-quarters of a century to erect: the Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist totalitarian state.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the eighth and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country’s dissolution in 1991.

Detailed explanation-4: -The then President of Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev came up with two policies: Glasnost and Perestroika. “Glasnost” is the Russian word meaning “openness”. “Perestroika”, the Russian word meaning “restructuring”.

Detailed explanation-5: -Unlike previous Soviet leaders, Gorbachev did not intervene when popular protest movements swept across the Communist countries of Eastern Europe in 1989 and the Berlin Wall fell.