WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -In 1860, Garibaldi organized an expedition of volunteers to support pro-unification uprisings in the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. Helped by local reinforcements, he defeated royal troops and united the kingdom with Piedmont-Sardinia. In this way, Garibaldi’s lifetime goal of unification was largely accomplished.

Detailed explanation-2: -Garibaldi fought for Italian unity and almost single-handedly united northern and southern Italy. He led a volunteer army of guerrilla soldiers to capture Lombardy for Piedmont and later conquered Sicily and Naples, giving southern Italy to King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, who established the Kingdom of Italy.

Detailed explanation-3: -Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi, 1880. headed two private expeditions against papal Rome in 1862 and 1867, and in 1866 he led an Italian army in yet another victory over the Austrians, acquiring Venice for the Italian Kingdom.

Detailed explanation-4: -In 1867, Garibaldi led an army of volunteers known as Red shirts to Rome to fight the last obstacle to the unification of Italy, the Papal States where a French garrison was stationed.

Detailed explanation-5: -An Italian nationalist, Mazzini was a fervent advocate of republicanism and envisioned a united, free and independent Italy. Unlike his contemporary Giuseppe Garibaldi, who was also a republican, Mazzini refused to swear an oath of allegiance to the House of Savoy until after the Capture of Rome.