WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Activities such as public observances of non-religious (i.e., secular) events help bring people together and foster a sense of belonging. Belonging in a place is a very important part of a person’s identity, with which geographers are deeply engaged.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nationalistic forces that bind a country together are called “centripetal forces.” Common examples of “centripetal forces” include a shared sense of common history, a shared language, reliable national institutions, and government legitimacy.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nationalism, or the strong love of and loyalty to one’s country, is also a powerful centripetal force and can create solidarity among the populace.

Detailed explanation-4: -Some geographers realized that just as different forces can pull things apart or push them together, this is also true of geopolitics, or the relationship between people, politics, and physical space. Some things help unite a country (centripetal forces), while other forces pull it apart (centrifugal forces).

Detailed explanation-5: -2 points: Centripetal forces unify a state (provide stability, strengthen, bind together, create solidarity) Centrifugal forces divide a state (lead to balkanization/devolution, disrupt internal order, destabilize, weaken).