WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Switzerland, Russia, Iceland, and Ukraine are some of the European countries that are not a part of EU.

Detailed explanation-2: -Until 24 February 2022, Russia was one of the main trade partners of the European Union. Since 1997, the EU’s political and economic relations with Russia have been based on a bilateral Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA).

Detailed explanation-3: -Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway Although these countries are not members of the EU, their nationals can work in the EU on the same footing as EU nationals, since they belong to the European Economic Area.

Detailed explanation-4: -Russia has chosen not to participate in the EU’s European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), as it aspires to be an “equal partner” of the EU (as opposed to the “junior partnership” that Russia sees in the ENP). Consequently, Russia and the EU agreed in 2005 to create four Common Spaces for cooperation in different spheres.