WORLD RELIGIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -Which of the following statements is the best definition of the Chinese philosophy known as Legalism?-Legalists believed that social harmony could be created and maintained by clearly spelling out laws and enforcing them strictly with rewards and punishments.

Detailed explanation-2: -Confucianism relies on the fundamental goodness of human beings, whereas Legalism presupposes that people are fundamentally evil. Therefore, Confucianism casts everything in terms of corresponding responsibilities, whereas Legalism casts everything in terms of strict laws and harsh punishment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Confucianism is an ethic of moral uprightness, social order, and filial responsibility. Daoism was a philosophy of universal harmony that urged its practitioners not to get too involved in worldly affairs. Legalism is a theory of autocratic, centralized rule and harsh penalties.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Warring States Period concluded with the victory of the state of Qin over the others and the establishment of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) which adopted the philosophy of Legalism and banned all others. Confucian works were outlawed and burned along with those of any other non-Legalist philosophers.