WORLD RELIGIONS

Detailed explanation-1: -A map depicting the extent of the Umayyad caliphate in 750 CE, which extended from Spain in the west to northern India in the East and covered northern Africa, southern Europe, Anatolia, and the Arabian Peninsula.

Detailed explanation-2: -Islam’s spread across the continent began in North Africa in Egypt, then continued on to West Africa before moving on to East Africa within a few hundred years. From East Africa, Islam spread to India, Indonesia and other Asian countries.

Detailed explanation-3: -By the 640s, Muslim forces were advancing across North Africa, conquering Sicily in 652 and the Iberian Peninsula in 711.

Detailed explanation-4: -He established a new unified polity in Arabia that expanded rapidly under the Rashidun Caliphate and the Umayyad Caliphate, culminating in Islamic rule being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe).