ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -T cells can wipe out infected or cancerous cells. They also direct the immune response by helping B lymphocytes to eliminate invading pathogens. B cells create antibodies. B lymphocytes, also called B cells, create a type of protein called an antibody.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lymphocyte There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. The B cells produce antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins. The T cells destroy the body’s own cells that have themselves been taken over by viruses or become cancerous.

Detailed explanation-3: -Although armed peptide-specific helper T cells are required for B-cell responses to protein antigens, many microbial constituents, such as bacterial polysaccharides, can induce antibody production in the absence of helper T cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each B cell produces a single species of antibody, each with a unique antigen-binding site. When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by antigen (with the aid of a helper T cell), it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Follicular helper T Cells (Tfh). There, they induce the formation of germinal centers, the transformation of B Cells into plasma cells, the production of antibodies with different isotypes, and the production of memory B Cells (35).