ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -HIV contains a glycoprotein called gp120 that binds onto a glycoprotein called CD4 found on helper T-cells. It then uses another glycoprotein called gp41 to initiate cell-mediated endocytosis. This fuses the viral and cell membrane and brings the viral contents into the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -HIV binds to the CD4 molecule on the surface of helper T-cells and replicates within them. This results in destruction of CD4+ T-cells and leads to a steady decline in this population of T-cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -HIV/AIDS Glossary A protein found primarily on the surface of CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells). To enter a host cell, HIV binds to a CD4 receptor and a coreceptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4) on the host cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -RESULT. We show that active HIV-1 replication induces in vivo bystander activation of CD4+ T cells which are specific for persistent herpes virus antigens, whereas no activation was observed for CD4+ T cells with specificity for non-persistent antigens.

Detailed explanation-5: -CD4 cells (also known as CD4+ T cells) are white blood cells that fight infection. CD4 cell count is an indicator of immune function in patients living with HIV and one of the key determinants for the need of opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis.