ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The correct answer is (d) antibodies released by B lymphocytes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Are antibodies specific or non specific? Antibodies are always part of the specific immune system. Helper T-Cells are aptly named, as they primarily help stimulate B-cells to create specific types of antibodies, and then help killer cells develop to combat diseases. They also are only activated by specific pathogens.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nonspecific defense mechanisms include the skin, mucous membranes, secretions, excretions, enzymes, inflammatory responses, genetic factors, hormonal responses, nutritional status, behavior patterns, and the presence of other diseases.

Detailed explanation-4: -Non-specific antibody binding occurs when an antibody binds to a cell that does not have an epitope specifically for that antibody. There are several reasons for non-specific antibody binding. The most common cause is an excess of antibody.

Detailed explanation-5: -Humans have three types of immunity-innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate immunity: Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection.