APPLIED RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stereognosis is tested by placing some familiar object (eg, ball, cube, coin) in the patient’s hand while his or her eyes are closed and asking the patient to identify the object. Inability to recognize the size or shape is referred to as astereognosis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cortical sensory function is evaluated by asking the patient to identify a familiar object (eg, coin, key) placed in the palm of the hand (stereognosis) and numbers written on the palm (graphesthesia) and to distinguish between 1 and 2 simultaneous, closely placed pinpricks on the fingertips (2-point discrimination).

Detailed explanation-3: -Extraocular movements (EOMs) are controlled by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, which you’ll test together.

Detailed explanation-4: -Trigeminal motor function is tested by palpating the masseter muscles while the patient clenches the teeth and by asking the patient to open the mouth against resistance.

Detailed explanation-5: -As the oculomotor nerve also controls pupillary constriction, this is tested during the evaluation of the pupillary light reflex.