BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The net charge of a protein decreases linearly with molecular weight, with small proteins being mostly positively charged and large proteins negatively charged.

Detailed explanation-2: -The net charge on a protein at any given pH is determined by the pK values (pKs) of the ionizable groups (Tanford 1962). The net charge on a protein is zero at the isoelectric point (pI), positive at pHs below the pI, and negative at pHs above the pI.

Detailed explanation-3: -Amino acids that make up proteins may be positive, negative, neutral, or polar in nature, and together give a protein its overall charge. At a pH below their pI, proteins carry a net positive charge; above their pI they carry a net negative charge.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proteins can be either positively charged or negatively charged based on pH conditions. When the positive and negative charges on the protein are equal, the net charge is zero.