BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Both structures are held in shape by hydrogen bonds, which form between the carbonyl O of one amino acid and the amino H of another.

Detailed explanation-2: -The secondary structure arises from the hydrogen bonds formed between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. The hydrogen bonds form between the partially negative oxygen atom and the partially positive nitrogen atom.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hydrogen bonding is the stronger form of secondary bonding and is formed from polar molecular bonding. These form, for example, in water and hydrogen fluorides.

Detailed explanation-4: -The secondary structure of proteins These secondary structures are held together by hydrogen bonds. These form as shown in the diagram between one of the lone pairs on an oxygen atom and the hydrogen attached to a nitrogen atom: Although the hydrogen bonds are always between C=O.

Detailed explanation-5: -Furthermore, hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions between the polar, charged amino acids contribute to the tertiary structure. These are all weak interactions in the cellular environment, but their cumulative effect helps give proteins their unique shape.