BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The proline contains a secondary amine group (the only natural amino acid having a secondary amine), giving its unique helix rings in the structure.

Detailed explanation-2: -Proline is an amino acid and belongs to the class which has hydrocarbon R-groups. “It does not contain the amino group-NH2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated NH2+ form under biological conditions, while the carboxy group is in the deprotonated-COO-form.

Detailed explanation-3: -Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the alpha carbon known alternately as the R group, the variable group or the side-chain. Amino acids have a central asymmetric carbon to which an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a side chain (R group) are attached.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proline is unique in that it is the only amino acid where the side chain is connected to the protein backbone twice, forming a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring.